The U.S. Constitution

Alito and Thomas Staying Put, for Now

In Washington, the loudest Supreme Court news is often the news that does not happen. Multiple sources now indicate that Justice Samuel Alito is not expected to step down this term. The term lasts until the Court’s new year begins in October. Alito, who is 76, has already hired all four law...

A Strait of Hormuz Blockade Without Congress?

The Strait of Hormuz is not just a watery choke point. It is a constitutional one too. When the world’s most sensitive shipping lane becomes the stage for armed enforcement, the question is not only what happened at sea, but who, back home, has the authority to set the rules. After an incident...

Navy Seizes Iranian Ship in the Strait: War Powers and the Escalation Risk

The Strait of Hormuz is not just a narrow stretch of water. It is a pressure point where global commerce, regional rivalries, and U.S. constitutional limits collide. On April 19, 2026, U.S. Central Command released video showing the destroyer USS Spruance firing on an Iranian-flagged cargo vessel...

When Schools Keep Gender Identity Secret From Parents

Across the country, families are learning a hard civics lesson: the most emotional school debates are often the ones with the most complicated lines of authority. Who decides what a school can keep from parents about a child’s gender identity? When does student privacy matter most? And where,...

SCOTUS Curbs Climate Lawsuits Against Oil Companies

A growing number of climate activists and state and local governments have tried to use the courts to pressure oil and gas companies, not only through regulation, but through lawsuits that seek massive financial liability. The basic theory is straightforward: if a judge or jury can be persuaded...

New Hampshire’s Campus Carry Fight

New Hampshire just shoved a hard question back onto the table: when you step onto a college campus, do you step out of your constitutional rights? A campus carry bill, HB 1793 , has cleared the New Hampshire House and now heads to the state Senate, where lawmakers will weigh it next. The bill is...

Partisan Gerrymandering and the Supreme Court

Gerrymandering is one of those civic words that gets used like a moral verdict. A map “looks wrong,” so it must be unconstitutional. But the Supreme Court has drawn a sharp line between two accusations that sound similar in everyday speech: partisan gerrymandering (drawing districts to help a...

Sobriety Checkpoints and the Fourth Amendment

Sobriety checkpoints sit in a narrow, counterintuitive constitutional exception that surprises almost everyone the first time they hit one. You did not do anything wrong, no officer saw you weaving, and yet you are being stopped by the government on a public road. Under the Fourth Amendment, that...

The Death Penalty and the Constitution

The Constitution both assumes the possibility of capital punishment and tightly polices how it is used. That tension is the story of modern death penalty law. The Fifth Amendment contemplates “capital” crimes and warns that no person shall be deprived of “life” without due process. But the...

Gideon v. Wainwright: The Right to a Lawyer

You can read the Sixth Amendment in under a minute. Its promise takes longer to absorb: “In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right … to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.” For much of American history, that sentence did not mean what modern audiences assume...

The Naturalization Oath of Allegiance

You can study the civics questions for weeks. You can gather tax transcripts, travel records, and a stack of evidence thick enough to make your mailbox nervous. But U.S. citizenship does not finalize with paperwork. It finalizes with words. The Naturalization Oath of Allegiance is the moment USCIS...

Article III Courts vs. Legislative Courts

Most people hear “federal judge” and picture one job: a robed official with a lifetime appointment, insulated from direct political retaliation, calling balls and strikes until retirement. That picture is real, but it is incomplete. In the federal system, some judges are protected by the...

How to Read a U.S. Supreme Court Opinion

Most Supreme Court opinions look like they were designed to keep ordinary readers out. Dense prose. Latin phrases. Citations stacked like bricks. Then a one-line result that somehow changes the law for hundreds of millions of Americans. But you do not need a law degree to read an opinion...

Terry Stops and Frisks

You can feel it in the phrasing: Just a few questions . Step over here . Mind if I pat you down? Many Fourth Amendment conflicts do not begin with a battering ram and a warrant. They begin with a pause on a sidewalk or shoulder of a road, where an officer suspects something is off but does not yet...

How Lower Federal Judges Are Appointed and Confirmed

Most Americans can name the Supreme Court nominees who dominate the headlines. Far fewer could explain how the judges who decide the overwhelming majority of federal cases actually get their jobs. That matters because Article III district and circuit judges are not supporting characters. They are...

Student Speech and the First Amendment

Public school students do not leave the First Amendment at the schoolhouse gate. That line comes from the Supreme Court in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969), and it is still the starting point for nearly every student speech fight you see in the news. (The Court’s...

The Speedy Trial Act Explained

People talk about a “speedy trial” like it is one rule with one countdown. In federal court, it is really two different systems that can point in the same direction but do different work: The Sixth Amendment gives you a constitutional right to a speedy trial, enforced through broad balancing...

Constitutional Rights in U.S. Territories

Most civics explanations start with a simple premise: the Constitution is the rulebook, and Americans get a standard set of rights plus a vote for the people who run the federal government. That premise breaks the moment you step off the map of the fifty states. About 3.5 million people (roughly...

How Federal Criminal Appeals Work

Most people hear the word “appeal” and imagine a do-over. A second trial. New witnesses. A fresh jury. Federal criminal appeals are usually the opposite. They are paper-heavy, rule-bound reviews that happen after a conviction and sentence, and they focus on whether the trial court applied the...

How Senate Confirmations Work

The Constitution gives the President the power to nominate officers and judges, and it gives the Senate the power to decide whether those nominees actually take office for positions that require advice and consent . That second half is easy to summarize and hard to understand in practice. “Advice...