Articles by James Caldwell

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In a hilariously awkward turn of events, a heated debate broke out on a “Constitution Brainwash Tour” when someone decided to call out the apparent irony of simplifying the U.S. Constitution for college students. With the fire of a revolutionary and the composure of someone about to fail a pop...

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Also see the Constitutional Topics Page for this document, a comparison of the Articles and the Constitution , and a table with demographic data for the signers of the Articles . Images of the Articles are available . Contents Preamble Article I – Style Article II – States Rights Article III...

The Albany Plan In late 1753, the London Board of Trade wrote to New York Governor James DeLancey. The Board supervised provincial affairs in the Americas. It was concerned about the French courting of the Iroquois (the Six Nations) and with the actions of some colonies which were antagonizing the...

The Report of the Annapolis Conference In September 1786, a conference was called in Annapolis, Maryland to discuss the state of commerce in the fledgling nation. The national government had no authority to regulate trade between and among the states. The conference was called to discuss ways to...

U.S. Constitution

U.S. Constitution – Signatories Done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independence of the United States of America the Twelfth. In Witness whereof We have...

U.S. Constitution

U.S. Constitution – Preamble We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility , provide for the common defence , promote the general Welfare , and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity , do ordain...

The Administration of Justice Act Advertisement Worried by the courts that convened in America and in Massachusetts in particular, and their bias toward the colonists over their British governors, on May 20, 1774, the Parliament passed the Administration of Justice Act. It provided that the...

U.S. Constitution

U.S. Constitution – Article 4 Section 1 Article 4 – The States Section 1 – Each State to Honor all Others Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in...

U.S. Constitution

U.S. Constitution – Article 4 Section 2 Article 4 – The States Section 2 – State Citizens, Extradition The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States. A Person charged in any State with Treason , Felony, or other Crime, who...

U.S. Constitution

U.S. Constitution – Article 4 Section 3 Article 4 – The States Section 3 – New States New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new States shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more...

U.S. Constitution

U.S. Constitution – Article 4 Section 4 Article 4 – The States Section 4 – Republican Government The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the...

U.S. Constitution

U.S. Constitution – Article 5 The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either...

U.S. Constitution

U.S. Constitution – Article 6 All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation. This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in...

U.S. Constitution

U.S. Constitution – Article 7 The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same. Notes for this article: Ratification Documents Ratification Dates and Votes FAQ: Are new states required to...

U.S. Constitution

U.S. Constitution – Article 1 Section 9 Article 1 – The Legislative Branch Section 9 – Limits on Congress The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight...