Articles by Eleanor Stratton

U.S. Constitution – Amendment 20 1. The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified;...

U.S. Constitution – Amendment 21 1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed. 2. The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation...

God in the State Constitutions Advertisement The subject of God in the Constitution arises from time to time, and this site deals with the topic specifically elsewhere. However, another question also arises: how is God referenced, if at all, in state constitutions? This list is not guaranteed to be...

State Constitutions Each state in the United States has its own constitution. Of course, all state constitutions are inferior (in a legal sense) to the United States Constitution, and when reading state constitutions, this must be kept in mind — a state constitution, for example, cannot validly...

The I Have a Dream Speech Advertisement In 1950’s America, the equality of man envisioned by the Declaration of Independence was far from a reality. People of color — blacks, Hispanics, Asians — were discriminated against in many ways, both overt and covert. The 1950’s were a turbulent time...

The Emancipation Proclamation During the course of the Civil War, Lincoln had wanted to declare all slaves free. He waited, however, until the Union forces had some decisive victories over the Rebels; no doubt his holding off was to prevent giving the South a rallying point until one would have no...

The American’s Creed The American’s Creed was written in 1917 by William Tyler Page, an employee in the House. The Creed was one of 3000 entries in a contest sponsored by the New York Commissioner of Education. In 1919, Page was elected Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. When the...

Constitution of the Confederate States of America Advertisement The following is the complete text of the Constitution of the Confederate States of America, as adopted on March 11, 1861. The text of the CSA Constitution was verified at the University of Oklahoma and the Library of Congress and was...

The Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence Topic Page may be of some interest to readers. Demographic data about the Signers is also available. An image of the Declaration is available . Introduction Crimes of the King Conclusion Signatories In Congress, July 4, 1776 The...

The Convention Timeline Advertisement This timeline is a companion to the Main Timeline on this site. While that timeline attempts to put world and national events into some chronological perspective, this timeline intends to get into the details of the Constitutional Convention and the...

Common Misspellings in Search Advertisement After I implemented the Search Engine on this site, I began to watch what people were searching for, to get a good indication of the sorts of topics I should add to the site. In the process, I’ve seen some interesting word spellings. I added this page...

The Framers of the Constitution Advertisement William Pierce, of Georgia, spoke very little at the Constitutional Convention, but his contributions to what we know of the other delegates to the Convention are invaluable. He wrote short character sketches of each of the delegates; he himself had to...

Data on the Framers of the Constitution For short character sketches of each of the Framers, see the Framers Page . This page contains demographical data about each of the framers, including some not sketched on the aforementioned page. A similar data table is available for the Signers of the...

Justices of the Supreme Court Justices of the Supreme Court are appointed for life by the president and confirmed by the Senate. Because of the lifetime appointment, the position of Justice is seen as a very powerful one. A Justice can sit on the bench through several presidencies and as the...

Committees at the Constitutional Convention Advertisement Several notable committees met during the creation of the Constitution. These committees are referred to in the Convention Topic Page and the Convention Timeline . This page used James Madison’s notes from the convention as source material...

Members of Congress The following is a list of the Senators and Representatives of the 112th Congress, as of January 5, 2011. If you see any discrepancies, please let me know . In the “Party” column, the following abbreviations are used: D = Democratic R = Republican I = Independent – =...

The signers of America’s first constitution, the Articles of Confederation , are less well-known than those of the Constitution or the Declaration of Independence , but they are no less important to our history. Some basic demographic information about these men is presented below. Name State...

Tillis Calls Noem’s Leadership a ‘Disaster’ in Fiery Senate Hearing

The Senate Judiciary Committee hearing on March 3, 2026, marked a pivotal moment in the ongoing discourse surrounding immigration enforcement and executive accountability. At the center of this confrontation was Secretary of Homeland Security Kristi Noem, whose leadership has recently come under...

FBI Terror Probe After IED Ignites Outside NYC Mayor Mamdani’s Residence

On a quiet stretch of Manhattan’s East Side, a device ignited outside Gracie Mansion, the official residence of New York City Mayor Zohran Mamdani. By Sunday, the case had escalated from a local emergency response into a federal terrorism investigation, with the FBI’s Joint Terrorism Task Force...

Record oil prices amid Iran war: Hormuz fears push crude past $100

Oil just vaulted past a psychological and economic tripwire. On Sunday, crude prices surged above $100 per barrel for the first time since the shock that followed Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine. This time, the catalyst is the war in Iran and its spread across the region, including attacks on...